Battery state monitoring circuit and battery device

ABSTRACT

Provided are a battery state monitoring circuit and a battery device which are capable of inhibiting discharge without enabling an overdischarge cell balance function when an overcurrent detection circuit detects a discharge overcurrent, without the need for an additional terminal of the battery state monitoring circuit. A detection signal of the overcurrent detection circuit is input to each of a communication terminal for overdischarge signal and a communication terminal for overcharge signal included in the battery state monitoring circuit provided on a side of the overcurrent detection circuit. An overdischarge cell balance circuit outputs a cell balance signal when an overdischarge detection signal indicates an overdischarge non-detected state, an overdischarge signal indicates an overdischarge detected state, and an overcharge signal indicates an overcharge non-detected state.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 to Japanese PatentApplication No. 2009-024042 filed on Feb. 4, 2009, the entire content ofwhich is hereby incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a battery state monitoring circuit formonitoring a battery state, and a battery device provided with aplurality of the battery state monitoring circuits.

2. Description of the Related Art

FIG. 2 illustrates a circuit diagram of a conventional battery deviceincluding battery state monitoring circuits.

The battery device includes n batteries BT₁ to BT_(n) that are connectedin series, n switches (cell balance switch circuits) SW₁ to SW_(n) thatare respectively connected in parallel with the batteries BT₁ to BT_(n),n battery state monitoring circuits BMF₁ to BMF_(n) that areindividually provided in correspondence with the batteries BT₁ toBT_(n), a first transistor (charging P-channel transistor) 10, a secondtransistor (discharging P-channel transistor) 11, a first resistiveelement (first bias resistive element) 20, a second resistive element(second bias resistive element) 21, an overcurrent detection circuit X,a first external terminal 30, and a second external terminal 31.

The battery state monitoring circuit BMF₁ includes an overchargedetection circuit A₁, a first NOR circuit B₁, a first output transistorC₁, a first inverter D₁, a second inverter E₁, a first current sourceF₁, an overdischarge detection circuit G₁, a second NOR circuit H₁, asecond output transistor I₁, a third inverter J₁, a fourth inverter K₁,a second current source L₁, a cell balance circuit M₁, an overdischargecell balance circuit XC₁, a first OR circuit XD₁, a first voltagemonitoring terminal PA₁, a second voltage monitoring terminal PB₁, afirst transmitting terminal PC₁, a second transmitting terminal PD₁, afirst receiving terminal PE₁, a second receiving terminal PF₁, and acontrol terminal PG₁. The battery state monitoring circuit BMF₁including the above-mentioned components is formed as a one-chip IC(semiconductor device). Note that, of the above-mentioned components,the first NOR circuit B₁, the first output transistor C₁, the firstinverter D₁, the second inverter E₁, and the first current source F₁together form an overcharge information communication circuit. Further,the second NOR circuit H₁, the second output transistor I₁, the thirdinverter J₁, the fourth inverter K₁, and the second current source L₁together form an overdischarge information communication circuit.

The overdischarge cell balance circuit XC₁ includes a fifth inverter XA₁and a first AND circuit XB₁. The first OR circuit XD₁ receivesrespective outputs of the overdischarge cell balance circuit XC₁ and thecell balance circuit M₁, and outputs a control signal to the switch SW₁via the control terminal PG₁.

The other battery state monitoring circuits BMF₂ to BMF_(n) each includethe same components as those of the battery state monitoring circuitBMF₁, and hence are illustrated similarly, except for differentreference symbols. For example, the overcharge detection circuitincluded in the battery state monitoring circuit BMF₂ is denoted byreference symbol A₂, and the overcharge detection circuit included inthe battery state monitoring circuit BMF_(n) is denoted by referencesymbol A_(n). The same holds true for the other components.

The battery state monitoring circuit BMF_(n) is not connected with abattery state monitoring circuit that outputs signals to be transmittedto the first receiving terminal PE_(n) and the second receiving terminalPF_(n). Therefore, the first receiving terminal PE_(n) for receiving anovercharge detection signal is pulled down.

The overcurrent detection circuit X is provided on a discharge pathbetween the first external terminal 30 and the second external terminal31. An output terminal of the overcurrent detection circuit X isconnected to the second receiving terminal PF_(n) of the battery statemonitoring circuit BMF_(n). The overcurrent detection circuit X isconfigured to detect an overcurrent based on voltage, and henceincludes, for example, an element for converting current into voltage,such as a resistive element, and a comparator circuit for detecting thevoltage.

The battery device illustrated in FIG. 2 performs discharge or chargewhen a load or a charger is connected between the first externalterminal 30 and the second external terminal 31.

In a normal state, that is, in a case where all of voltages of thebatteries BT₁ to BT_(n) fall within a voltage range lower than anovercharge voltage and equal to or higher than an overdischarge voltage,the overcharge detection circuit A₁ included in the battery statemonitoring circuit BMF₁ outputs the overcharge detection signal of Lowto the first NOR circuit B₁.

On this occasion, the first output transistor C₂ included in the batterystate monitoring circuit BMF₂ has been turned ON (the reason isdescribed later), and hence an input terminal of the second inverter E₁included in the battery state monitoring circuit BMF₁ becomes Low.Therefore, the first inverter D₁ outputs an output signal of Low to thefirst NOR circuit B₁. Because the first NOR circuit B₁ receives theovercharge detection signal of Low and the output signal of Low of thefirst inverter D₁ as inputs, the first NOR circuit B₁ outputs a NORsignal of High to a gate terminal of the first output transistor C₁.Then, the first output transistor C₁ is turned ON, and the firsttransmitting terminal PC₁ becomes Low. As a result, the first transistor10 is turned ON.

The reason why the first output transistor C₂ included in the batterystate monitoring circuit BMF₂ has been turned ON is described below. Thefirst receiving terminal PE_(n) of the battery state monitoring circuitBMF_(n) provided at the lowermost stage is connected with a negativeterminal of the battery BT_(n), and hence the input terminal of thesecond inverter E_(n) is continuously kept at Low. Therefore, the firstinverter D_(n) continuously outputs the output signal of Low to thefirst NOR circuit B_(n), and the overcharge detection circuit A_(n)outputs the overcharge detection signal of Low to the first NOR circuitB_(n). Accordingly, the first NOR circuit B_(n) outputs the NOR signalof High to the gate terminal of the first output transistor C_(n), andthen the first output transistor C_(n) included in the battery statemonitoring circuit BMF_(n) is turned ON.

Because the first output transistor C_(n) is turned ON, the inputterminal of the second inverter E_(n-1) included in the battery statemonitoring circuit BMF_(n-1) becomes Low. Therefore, the first inverterD_(n-1) outputs the output signal of Low to the first NOR circuitB_(n-1). Similarly, the overcharge detection circuit A_(n-1) outputs theovercharge detection signal of Low to the first NOR circuit B_(n-1).Accordingly, the first NOR circuit B_(n-1) outputs the NOR signal ofHigh to the gate terminal of the first output transistor C_(n-1). Then,the first output transistor C_(n-1) included in the battery statemonitoring circuit BMF_(n-1) is turned ON.

The operations described above are repeatedly performed in a batterystate monitoring circuit provided on an upper stage side and a batterystate monitoring circuit provided on a lower stage side, and the firstoutput transistor C₂ included in the battery state monitoring circuitBMF₂ is eventually turned ON.

On the other hand, in the normal state described above, theoverdischarge detection circuit G₁ included in the battery statemonitoring circuit BMF₁ outputs an overdischarge detection signal of Lowto the second NOR circuit H₁. On this occasion, the second outputtransistor I₂ included in the battery state monitoring circuit BMF₂ hasalso been turned ON, and hence the input terminal of the fourth inverterK₁ included in the battery state monitoring circuit BMF₁ becomes Low.Therefore, the third inverter J₁ outputs an output signal of Low to thesecond NOR circuit H₁. Because the second NOR circuit H₁ receives theoverdischarge detection signal of Low and the output signal of Low ofthe third inverter J₁ as inputs, the second NOR circuit H₁ outputs a NORsignal of High to a gate terminal of the second output transistor I₁.Then, the second output transistor I₁ is turned ON, and the secondtransmitting terminal PD₁ becomes Low. As a result, the secondtransistor 11 is turned ON.

As described above, in the normal state, because the first transistor 10and the second transistor 11 are turned ON, the battery device becomes achargeable and dischargeable state.

Next, description is given of an overdischarged state, that is, a casewhere the load is connected between the first external terminal 30 andthe second external terminal 31 to thereby discharge the batteries BT₁to BT_(n), and at least one voltage of the batteries BT₁ to BT_(n)becomes lower than the overdischarge voltage. Note that the followingdescription is given under the assumption that the voltage of thebattery BT₁ is higher than the overdischarge voltage while the voltageof the battery BT₂ becomes lower than the overdischarge voltage.

In this case, the overdischarge detection circuit G₂ included in thebattery state monitoring circuit BMF₂ outputs the overdischargedetection signal of High to the second NOR circuit H₂. Then, the secondNOR circuit H₂ outputs the NOR signal of Low to the gate terminal of thesecond output transistor I₂. Accordingly, the second output transistorI₂ is turned OFF.

The input terminal of the fourth inverter K₁ is pulled up to High by thesecond current source L₁, and the third inverter J₁ outputs the outputsignal of High to the second NOR circuit H. Then, the second NOR circuitH₁ outputs the NOR signal of Low to the gate terminal of the secondoutput transistor I₁. Accordingly, the second output transistor I₁ isturned OFF.

When the second output transistor I₁ is turned OFF as described above, agate of the second transistor 11 becomes High due to the secondresistive element 21, and as a result, the second transistor 11 isturned OFF, to thereby inhibit the discharge to the load.

On the other hand, because the voltage of the battery BT₁ is higher thanthe overdischarge voltage, the overdischarge detection circuit G₁outputs the overdischarge detection signal of Low. Therefore, the firstAND circuit XB₁ receives a signal of High from the fifth inverter XA₁and the signal of High from the third inverter J₁ as inputs, and hencethe first AND circuit XB₁ outputs a signal of High, that is, anoverdischarge cell balance signal to the first OR circuit XD₁.

In this case, when receiving the overdischarge cell balance signal, thefirst OR circuit XD₁ turns ON the switch SW₁ via the control terminalPG₁ so that the battery BT₁ may be discharged via the switch SW₁. Whenthe discharge proceeds until the voltage of the battery BT₁ reaches theoverdischarge voltage, the overdischarge detection circuit G₁ outputsthe overdischarge detection signal of High. As a result, the first ORcircuit XD₁ turns OFF the switch SW₁ via the control terminal PG₁ sothat the discharge may be stopped.

Through the operations described above, both the voltages of the batteryBT₁ and the battery BT₂ become approximate to the overdischarge voltage.The cell balance is obtained as described above so that the batterydevice may be allowed to operate for a longer time.

The overcurrent detection circuit X detects an excessive dischargecurrent (hereinafter, referred to as “overcurrent”) flowing into theload connected between the first external terminal 30 and the secondexternal terminal 31 of the battery device. In a state where theovercurrent is not detected, the overcurrent detection circuit X pullsdown the second receiving terminal PF_(n) to Low. If the overcurrentoccurs, the overcurrent detection circuit X stops pulling down thesecond receiving terminal PF_(n), to thereby transmit overcurrentdetection information to the battery state monitoring circuit BMF_(n).

Then, the second current source L_(n) pulls up the input terminal of thefourth inverter K_(n) so that the signal may be transmitted to thebattery state monitoring circuit BMF_(n-1) provided at the subsequentstage via the overdischarge information communication circuit includedin the battery state monitoring circuit BMF_(n). Finally, the batterystate monitoring circuit BMF₁ inhibits the discharge to the load (see,for example, Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-178834).

However, in the example of FIG. 2, there is a problem that the dischargeof the respective batteries may proceed because the cell balance switchcircuits SW₁ to SW_(n) for the batteries are turned ON at the sametiming when the discharge to the load is inhibited upon the detection ofthe overcurrent.

Specifically, when the battery state monitoring circuits BMF₁ to BMF_(n)receive the signals via the corresponding second receiving terminals PF₁to PF_(n), the battery state monitoring circuit cannot discriminatewhich of the overdischarge detection and the overcurrent detection thesignal results from. Therefore, even when the discharge needs to bestopped because of the overcurrent detection, the battery statemonitoring circuits may each determine that any one of the battery statemonitoring circuits has detected the overdischarge. Then, theoverdischarge cell balance signal is output to turn ON the cell balanceswitch circuit. In this case, all the voltages of the batteries decreaseto as low as the overdischarge voltage after the overcurrent has beendetected. Therefore, the battery device cannot be used until thevoltages of the batteries are charged to be recovered, resulting insignificantly worse usability.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentionedcircumstances, and has an object to provide a battery state monitoringcircuit and a battery device which may maintain satisfactory usabilityeven with an overcurrent detection function being added thereto.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present inventionprovides a battery state monitoring circuit, which is provided incorrespondence with each of a plurality of batteries connected inseries, including: an overcharge detection circuit that outputs anovercharge detection signal; an overdischarge detection circuit thatoutputs an overdischarge detection signal; an overdischarge cell balancecircuit; an overcharge information communication circuit that transmitsan overcharge signal that has been received via a first receivingterminal, from a first transmitting terminal to an outside; and anoverdischarge information communication circuit that transmits anoverdischarge signal that has been received via a second receivingterminal, from a second transmitting terminal to the outside, in whichthe overdischarge cell balance circuit outputs a cell balance signalwhen the overdischarge detection signal indicates an overdischargenon-detected state, the overdischarge signal indicates an overdischargedetected state, and the overcharge signal indicates an overchargenon-detected state.

According to the present invention, discharge may be inhibited withoutenabling an overdischarge cell balance function when an overcurrentdetection circuit detects a discharge overcurrent, without the need foran additional terminal of the battery state monitoring circuit.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the accompanying drawings:

FIG. 1 illustrates a circuit diagram of a battery device according to anembodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 2 illustrates a circuit diagram of a conventional battery device.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1 illustrates a circuit diagram of a battery device according to anembodiment of the present invention.

The battery device according to the embodiment of the present inventionincludes n batteries BT₁ to BT_(n) that are connected in series, nswitches (cell balance switch circuits) SW₁ to SW_(n) that arerespectively connected in parallel with the batteries BT₁ to BT_(n), nbattery state monitoring circuits BNF₁ to BNF_(n) that are individuallyprovided in correspondence with the batteries BT₁ to BT_(n), a firsttransistor (charging P-channel transistor) 10, a second transistor(discharging P-channel transistor) 11, a first resistive element (firstbias resistive element) 20, a second resistive element (second biasresistive element) 21, an overcurrent detection circuit X, a firstexternal terminal 30, and a second external terminal 31.

The battery state monitoring circuit BNF₁ includes an overchargedetection circuit A₁, a first NOR circuit B₁, a first output transistorC₁, a first inverter D₁, a second inverter E₁, a first current sourceF₁, an overdischarge detection circuit G₁, a second NOR circuit H₁, asecond output transistor I₁, a third inverter J₁, a fourth inverter K₁,a second current source L₁, a cell balance circuit M₁, an overdischargecell balance circuit XC₁, a first OR circuit XD₁, a first voltagemonitoring terminal PA₁, a second voltage monitoring terminal PB₁, afirst transmitting terminal PC₁, a second transmitting terminal PD₁, afirst receiving terminal PE₁, a second receiving terminal PF₁, and acontrol terminal PG₁. The battery state monitoring circuit BNF₁including the above-mentioned components is formed as a one-chip IC(semiconductor device). Note that, of the above-mentioned components,the first NOR circuit B₁, the first output transistor C₁, the firstinverter D₁, the second inverter E₁, and the first current source F₁together form an overcharge information communication circuit. Further,the second NOR circuit H₁, the second output transistor I₁, the thirdinverter J₁, the fourth inverter K₁, and the second current source L₁together form an overdischarge information communication circuit.

The overdischarge cell balance circuit XC₁ includes a fifth inverterXA₁, a sixth inverter XE₁, and a second AND circuit XF₁ having threeinput terminals. The input terminals of the second AND circuit XF₁ arerespectively connected with an output terminal of the overdischargedetection circuit G₁ via the fifth inverter XA₁, with the secondreceiving terminal PF₁ via the third inverter J₁ and the fourth inverterK₁, and with the first receiving terminal PE₁ via the sixth inverterXE₁.

The first OR circuit XD₁ receives respective outputs of theoverdischarge cell balance circuit XC₁ and the cell balance circuit M₁,and outputs a control signal to the switch SW₁ via the control terminalPG₁.

The other battery state monitoring circuits BNF₂ to BNF_(n) each includethe same components as those of the battery state monitoring circuitBNF₁, and hence are illustrated similarly, except for differentreference symbols. For example, the overcharge detection circuitincluded in the battery state monitoring circuit BNF₂ is denoted byreference symbol A₂, and the overcharge detection circuit included inthe battery state monitoring circuit BNF_(n) is denoted by referencesymbol A_(n). The same holds true for the other components.

The overcurrent detection circuit X is provided on a discharge pathbetween the first external terminal 30 and the second external terminal31. An output terminal of the overcurrent detection circuit X isconnected to the first receiving terminal PE_(n) and the secondreceiving terminal PF_(n) of the battery state monitoring circuitBNF_(n). The overcurrent detection circuit X is configured to detect anovercurrent based on voltage, and hence includes, for example, anelement for converting current into voltage, such as a resistiveelement, and a comparator circuit for detecting the voltage.

The battery device according to the embodiment of the present inventionperforms discharge or charge when a load or a charger is connectedbetween the first external terminal 30 and the second external terminal31. The battery device according to the embodiment of the presentinvention performs the same operations as those of the conventionalbattery device except when the overcurrent is detected, and hencerepetitive description thereof is omitted.

Description is given of operations of the battery device according tothe embodiment of the present invention performed when the overcurrentis detected.

In a state where the overcurrent is not detected, the overcurrentdetection circuit X pulls down the first receiving terminal PE_(n) andthe second receiving terminal PF_(n) to Low.

When detecting the overcurrent, the overcurrent detection circuit Xoutputs the voltage of High from its output terminal. Accordingly, thesecond receiving terminal PF_(n) of the battery state monitoring circuitBNF_(n) provided at the end stage becomes High, to thereby transmit, tothe battery state monitoring circuit BNF_(n), the overcurrent detectioninformation, that is, the inhibition of the discharge. Then, the secondcurrent source L_(n) pulls up the input terminal of the fourth inverterK_(n) so that the signal may be transmitted to the battery statemonitoring circuit BNF_(n-1) provided at the subsequent stage via theoverdischarge information communication circuit included in the batterystate monitoring circuit BNF_(n). Finally, the battery state monitoringcircuit BNF₁ turns OFF the second transistor 11 so that the discharge tothe load may be inhibited.

When the voltage of the battery BT_(n) is higher than the overdischargevoltage, the overdischarge detection circuit G_(n) outputs the signal ofLow. Therefore, the second AND circuit XF_(n) receives the signal ofHigh from the fifth inverter XA_(n) and the signal of High from thethird inverter J_(n) as inputs.

In the battery device, the overcurrent detection circuit X is connectedalso to the first receiving terminal PE_(n) of the battery statemonitoring circuit BNF_(n) provided at the end stage. Thus, when theovercurrent detection circuit X changes the voltage of the firstreceiving terminal PE_(n) to High, the output of the sixth inverterXE_(n) becomes Low, and hence the output of the second AND circuitXF_(n) does not change to High. Therefore, the output of the first ORcircuit XD_(n) is kept at Low even when the overcurrent is detected, andhence the switch SW_(n) is kept from being turned ON so that theoverdischarge cell balance function may be disabled.

Further, the signal is transmitted also to the battery state monitoringcircuit BNF_(n-1) provided at the subsequent stage via the overchargeinformation communication circuit included in the battery statemonitoring circuit BNF_(n), and hence the cell balance switch SW_(n-1)for the battery state monitoring circuit BNF_(n-1) is also kept frombeing turned ON similarly to the switch SW_(n).

As described above, according to the present invention illustrated inFIG. 1, by merely adding a simple circuit to the overdischarge cellbalance circuit, the overdischarge cell balance function may be disabledat the time of overcurrent detection, resulting in improved usability.

1. A battery state monitoring circuit, comprising: a first voltagemonitoring terminal used for connection with a positive terminal of onebattery; a second voltage monitoring terminal used for connection with anegative terminal of the one battery; a first transmitting terminal; asecond transmitting terminal; a first receiving terminal; a secondreceiving terminal; a control terminal; an overcharge detection circuitthat detects whether or not the one battery is in an overcharged statebased on a voltage between the first voltage monitoring terminal and thesecond voltage monitoring terminal, and outputs an overcharge detectionsignal indicative of a result of the detecting; an overdischargedetection circuit that detects whether or not the one battery is in anoverdischarged state based on the voltage between the first voltagemonitoring terminal and the second voltage monitoring terminal, andoutputs an overdischarge detection signal indicative of a result of thedetecting; an overdischarge cell balance circuit that detects whether ornot cell balance control needs to be performed on the one battery basedon the voltage between the first voltage monitoring terminal and thesecond voltage monitoring terminal, and outputs a cell balance signalindicative of a result of the detecting to the control terminal; anovercharge information communication circuit that transmits, when atleast one of an overcharge signal indicative of whether or not anotherbattery is in the overcharged state, which has been received via thefirst receiving terminal, and the overcharge detection signal indicatesthat at least one of the another battery and the one battery is in theovercharged state, an overcharge signal indicating that the at least oneof the another battery and the one battery is in the overcharged state,from the first transmitting terminal to an outside; and an overdischargeinformation communication circuit that transmits, when at least one ofan overdischarge signal indicative of whether or not the another batteryis in the overdischarged state, which has been received via the secondreceiving terminal, and the overdischarge detection signal indicatesthat at least one of the another battery and the one battery is in theoverdischarged state, an overdischarge signal indicating that the atleast one of the another battery and the one battery is in theoverdischarged state, from the second transmitting terminal to theoutside, wherein the overdischarge cell balance circuit is configuredto: receive, as inputs, the overdischarge detection signal, theoverdischarge signal received via the second receiving terminal, and theovercharge signal received via the first receiving terminal; and outputthe cell balance signal when the overdischarge detection signalindicates an overdischarge non-detected state, the overdischarge signalreceived via the second receiving terminal indicates an overdischargedetected state, and the overcharge signal received via the firstreceiving terminal indicates an overcharge non-detected state.
 2. Abattery device, comprising: a first external terminal; a second externalterminal; a plurality of batteries that are connected in series; thebattery state monitoring circuit according to claim 1 that is providedin correspondence with each of the plurality of batteries; a cellbalance switch circuit that is connected in parallel with the each ofthe plurality of batteries, for switching between connection anddisconnection of two terminals thereof in accordance with a cell balancesignal output from the control terminal of the battery state monitoringcircuit provided in correspondence with the each of the plurality ofbatteries; a charging switch circuit that is provided between the firstexternal terminal and the plurality of batteries, for switching betweenallowance and inhibition of charge into the plurality of batteries; adischarging switch circuit that is provided between the first externalterminal and the plurality of batteries, for switching between allowanceand inhibition of discharge from the plurality of batteries; and anovercurrent detection circuit that is provided between the secondexternal terminal and the plurality of batteries, for detecting whetheror not a discharge overcurrent is flowing from the plurality ofbatteries, and outputting an overcurrent detection signal indicative ofa result of the detecting, wherein the battery state monitoring circuitis configured so that: the first voltage monitoring terminal isconnected to a positive terminal of the corresponding one of theplurality of batteries; the second voltage monitoring terminal isconnected to a negative terminal of the corresponding one of theplurality of batteries; the first transmitting terminal is connected tothe first receiving terminal of one of adjacent battery state monitoringcircuits; the second transmitting terminal is connected to the secondreceiving terminal of the one of the adjacent battery state monitoringcircuits; the first receiving terminal is connected to the firsttransmitting terminal of another one of the adjacent battery statemonitoring circuits; and the second receiving terminal is connected tothe second transmitting terminal of the another one of the adjacentbattery state monitoring circuits, and wherein the overcurrent detectioncircuit includes an output terminal that is connected to each of thefirst receiving terminal and the second receiving terminal of thebattery state monitoring circuit for the battery provided on a side ofthe second external terminal among the plurality of batteries connectedin series.